1. Intangiriro kuri moteri yamashanyarazi
Moteri yamashanyarazi nigikoresho gihindura ingufu zamashanyarazi ingufu za mashini. Ikoresha igiceri gifite ingufu (ni ukuvuga stator ihinduranya) kugirango kibyare umurima wa magneti uzunguruka kandi ukore kuri rotor (nk'akazu k'agasimba kafunze ikaramu ya aluminiyumu) kugirango ube urumuri rwa magnetoelectric.
Moteri y'amashanyarazi igabanijwemo moteri ya DC na moteri ya AC ukurikije amasoko atandukanye akoreshwa. Byinshi muri moteri muri sisitemu yingufu ni moteri ya AC, ishobora kuba moteri ya syncron cyangwa moteri idahwitse (stator magnetique yumurongo wa moteri ntabwo igumana umuvuduko wa syncron hamwe numuvuduko wa rotor).
Moteri yamashanyarazi igizwe ahanini na stator na rotor, kandi icyerekezo cyingufu zikora kumurongo winsinga mumashanyarazi ya magneti ifitanye isano nicyerekezo cyumuyaga nicyerekezo cyumurongo wa induction (icyerekezo cya magneti). Ihame ryakazi rya moteri yamashanyarazi ningaruka zumurima wa rukuruzi ku mbaraga zikora kumuyoboro, bigatuma moteri izunguruka.
2. Igabana rya moteri yamashanyarazi
Gutondekanya ukoresheje amashanyarazi
Ukurikije amasoko atandukanye akora mumashanyarazi, barashobora kugabanywamo moteri ya DC na moteri ya AC. Moteri ya AC nayo igabanijwemo moteri yicyiciro kimwe na moteri yibice bitatu.
Gutondekanya ukurikije imiterere n'ihame ry'akazi
Moteri y'amashanyarazi irashobora kugabanywamo moteri ya DC, moteri idahwitse, na moteri ikomatanya ukurikije imiterere n'ihame ryakazi. Moteri ya syncron irashobora kandi kugabanywamo moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya syncronous moteri, moteri idahwitse ya moteri, hamwe na moteri ya hystereze. Moteri ya Asinchronous irashobora kugabanywamo moteri ya induction na moteri ya AC commutator. Moteri ya induction yongeye kugabanywamo ibice bitatu bya moteri idafite moteri hamwe na moteri igicucu cya moteri. Moteri ya AC itwara abagenzi nayo igabanijwemo icyiciro kimwe rukurikirana moteri ishimishije, moteri ya AC DC ya moteri ebyiri, na moteri yanga.
Byashyizwe muburyo bwo gutangira nuburyo bwo gukora
Moteri yamashanyarazi irashobora kugabanwa muri capacitor yatangije moteri yicyiciro kimwe idafite moteri, capacitor yakoraga moteri imwe yicyiciro kimwe, capacitor yatangije moteri yicyiciro kimwe, kandi igabanya icyiciro kimwe icyiciro kimwe cya moteri idahwitse ukurikije uburyo bwo gutangira no gukora.
Gutondekanya intego
Moteri yamashanyarazi irashobora kugabanywamo moteri yo gutwara no kugenzura moteri ukurikije intego zabo.
Moteri y'amashanyarazi yo gutwara iragabanijwemo kandi ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi (harimo gucukura, gusya, gusya, gutondagura, gukata, no kwagura ibikoresho), moteri y'amashanyarazi y'ibikoresho byo mu rugo (harimo imashini imesa, abafana amashanyarazi, firigo, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata amajwi, ibyuma bifata amashusho, Abakinnyi ba DVD, isuku ya vacuum, kamera, ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi, nibindi), nibindi bikoresho rusange byubukanishi (harimo ibikoresho bito bito bito, imashini nto, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibindi).
Moteri yo kugenzura iracitsemo ibice bya moteri na moteri ya servo.
Gutondekanya ukurikije imiterere ya rotor
Ukurikije imiterere ya rotor, moteri yamashanyarazi irashobora kugabanywamo moteri ya cage induction (yahoze yitwa moteri ya squirrel cage asynchronous moteri) hamwe na moteri yinjiza ibikomere (byahoze bizwi nka moteri idafite ibikomere).
Byashyizwe mubikorwa n'umuvuduko wo gukora
Moteri yamashanyarazi irashobora kugabanywamo moteri yihuta, moteri yihuta, moteri yihuta, hamwe na moteri yihuta ukurikije umuvuduko wabyo.
Gutondekanya muburyo bwo kurinda
a. Fungura ubwoko (nka IP11, IP22).
Usibye imiterere ikenewe yingoboka, moteri ntabwo ifite uburinzi bwihariye kubizunguruka nibice bizima.
b. Ubwoko bufunze (nka IP44, IP54).
Ibice bizunguruka kandi bizima imbere ya moteri bikenera uburinzi bukenewe kugirango birinde guhura nimpanuka, ariko ntibibuza cyane guhumeka. Moteri ikingira igabanijwe muburyo bukurikira ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo guhumeka no kurinda.
Ubwoko bwa mesh.
Gufungura umwuka wa moteri bitwikiriye ibipfundikizo kugirango birinde ibice bizunguruka kandi bizima bya moteri guhura nibintu byo hanze.
Kurwanya ibitonyanga.
Imiterere ya moteri irashobora kubuza guhagarikwa kugwa neza cyangwa ibinini byinjira imbere ya moteri.
Garagaza ibimenyetso.
Imiterere ya moteri ya moteri irashobora kubuza amazi cyangwa ibinini kwinjira imbere ya moteri mu cyerekezo icyo aricyo cyose muburyo buringaniye bwa 100 °.
Gufunga.
Imiterere ya moteri irashobora kubuza guhanahana umwuka mubusa imbere no hanze yacyo, ariko ntibisaba gufunga byuzuye.
Amashanyarazi.
Imiterere yikibanza cya moteri irashobora kubuza amazi nigitutu runaka kwinjira imbere ya moteri.
Ight Amazi meza.
Iyo moteri yibijwe mumazi, imiterere yikibanza cya moteri irashobora kubuza amazi kwinjira imbere muri moteri.
Style Uburyo bwo kwibira.
Moteri yamashanyarazi irashobora gukora mumazi igihe kinini munsi yumuvuduko wamazi.
Icyemezo cyo guturika.
Imiterere yikariso ya moteri irahagije kugirango wirinde guturika gaze imbere ya moteri kwanduzwa hanze ya moteri, bigatuma iturika rya gaze yaka hanze ya moteri. Konti yemewe "Mechanical Engineering Literature", sitasiyo ya injeniyeri!
Byashyizwe muburyo bwo guhumeka no gukonjesha
a. Kwikonjesha.
Moteri y'amashanyarazi yishingikiriza gusa kumirasire yubuso no gutembera kwumwuka bisanzwe kugirango ukonje.
b. Umufana ukonje.
Moteri yamashanyarazi itwarwa numufana utanga umwuka ukonje kugirango ukonje hejuru cyangwa imbere ya moteri.
c. Umufana yarakonje.
Umufana utanga umwuka ukonje ntabwo utwarwa na moteri yamashanyarazi ubwayo, ahubwo iyobowe nubwigenge.
d. Ubwoko bwo guhumeka.
Umwuka ukonje ntabwo winjizwa cyangwa ngo usohoke hanze ya moteri cyangwa imbere ya moteri, ahubwo utangizwa cyangwa usohoka muri moteri unyuze mumiyoboro. Abafana bahumeka imiyoboro barashobora kuba abafana bakonje cyangwa abandi bafana bakonje.
e. Gukonjesha amazi.
Moteri y'amashanyarazi ikonjeshwa n'amazi.
f. Gukonjesha gazi yumuzingi.
Kuzenguruka hagati yo gukonjesha moteri iri mumuzinga ufunze urimo moteri na cooler. Igikoresho gikonjesha gikurura ubushyuhe iyo kinyuze kuri moteri kandi kigasohora ubushyuhe iyo kinyuze muri firime.
g. Gukonjesha hejuru no gukonjesha imbere.
Igikoresho cyo gukonjesha kitanyuze imbere yimbere ya moteri cyitwa gukonjesha hejuru, mugihe uburyo bwo gukonjesha bunyura imbere yimbere ya moteri bwitwa gukonjesha imbere.
Gutondekanya ukoresheje ifishi yububiko
Ifishi yo kwishyiriraho moteri yamashanyarazi isanzwe igaragazwa na code.
Kode ihagarariwe nincamake ya IM yo kwishyiriraho mpuzamahanga,
Inyuguti ya mbere muri IM yerekana kode yubwoko bwimikorere, B igereranya kwishyiriraho, naho V igereranya kwishyiriraho;
Imibare ya kabiri yerekana ibiranga code, ihagarariwe numubare wicyarabu.
Gutondekanya ukurikije urwego
A-urwego, E-urwego, B-urwego, F-urwego, H-urwego, C-urwego. Urwego rwimikorere ya moteri irerekanwa mumbonerahamwe ikurikira.
Gutondekanya ukurikije amasaha y'akazi yagenwe
Sisitemu ikomeza, mugihe kimwe, nigihe gito sisitemu yo gukora.
Sisitemu yo gukomeza imirimo (SI). Moteri ikora neza igihe kirekire munsi yagaciro yagenwe kurutonde.
Amasaha make yo gukora (S2). Moteri irashobora gukora gusa mugihe gito munsi yagaciro kagenwe kurutonde. Hariho ubwoko bune bwibipimo byigihe gito kubikorwa byigihe gito: 10min, 30min, 60min, na 90min.
Sisitemu y'akazi ikora (S3). Moteri irashobora gukoreshwa gusa mugihe gito kandi mugihe gito munsi yagaciro kagenwe kurutonde rwizina, bigaragazwa nkijanisha ryiminota 10 kuri buri cyiciro. Kurugero, FC = 25%; Muri byo, S4 kugeza kuri S10 ni sisitemu y'imikorere ikora rimwe na rimwe mu bihe bitandukanye.
9.2.3 Amakosa asanzwe ya moteri yamashanyarazi
Moteri yamashanyarazi ikunze guhura namakosa atandukanye mugihe kirekire.
Niba itumanaho rya torque hagati yumuhuza na kugabanya ari nini, umwobo uhuza hejuru ya flange werekana kwambara gukabije, ibyo bikaba byongera ikinyuranyo gikwiye cyihuza kandi biganisha kumashanyarazi adahungabana; Kwambara kumwanya wikintu byatewe no kwangirika kwimodoka ya moteri; Kwambara hagati yumutwe wumutwe ninzira nyabagendwa, nibindi. Nyuma yibi bibazo bibaye, uburyo gakondo bwibanda cyane kubisana gusudira cyangwa gutunganya nyuma yo gusya, ariko byombi bifite ibibi.
Guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe buterwa no gusudira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ntibishobora kuvaho burundu, bikunda kunama cyangwa kuvunika; Nyamara, isahani yohanagura igarukira kubunini bwikibiriti kandi ikunda gukonjeshwa, kandi ubwo buryo bwombi bukoresha ibyuma mugusana ibyuma, bidashobora guhindura umubano "ukomeye kandi ukomeye". Mubikorwa bihujwe nimbaraga zitandukanye, bizakomeza gutera re kwambara.
Ibihugu byiki gihe byiburengerazuba bikoresha ibikoresho bya polymer nkuburyo bwo gusana kugirango bikemure ibyo bibazo. Gukoresha ibikoresho bya polymer byo gusana ntabwo bigira ingaruka kubudodo bwumuriro, kandi uburebure bwo gusana ntabwo bugarukira. Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho by'icyuma mu bicuruzwa ntabwo bifite uburyo bworoshye bwo gukuramo ingaruka no kunyeganyega kw'ibikoresho, kwirinda uburyo bwo kongera kwambara, no kongera igihe cya serivisi y'ibikoresho bigize ibikoresho, bizigama igihe kinini cyo gukora ku mishinga kandi gushyiraho agaciro gakomeye mu bukungu.
(1) Ikintu kibi: moteri ntishobora gutangira nyuma yo guhuzwa
Impamvu nuburyo bwo gukemura nuburyo bukurikira.
Er Ikosa rya stator winding wiring - reba insinga hanyuma ukosore ikosa.
Gufungura umuzenguruko muri stator ihindagurika, kuzunguruka kugufi, kuzunguruka kumuzunguruko wa moteri ya rot rot - kumenya aho ikosa no kuyikuraho.
Load Umutwaro urenze urugero cyangwa uburyo bwo kohereza - reba uburyo bwo kohereza no gutwara.
Gufungura umuzunguruko muri rotor ya rot ya moteri yikomeretsa (guhuza nabi hagati ya brush na mpeta kunyerera, umuzunguruko ufunguye muri rheostat, guhura nabi mubuyobozi, nibindi) - menya aho ufunguye hanyuma uyisane.
Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni muto cyane - reba icyabiteye kandi ubikureho.
Fase Gutanga amashanyarazi icyiciro - reba umuzenguruko hanyuma ugarure ibyiciro bitatu.
(2) Ikintu kitari cyo: Ubushyuhe bwa moteri buzamuka cyane cyangwa itabi
Impamvu nuburyo bwo gukemura nuburyo bukurikira.
Kurenza urugero cyangwa gutangira kenshi - gabanya umutwaro no kugabanya umubare wintangiriro.
Loss Gutakaza icyiciro mugihe gikora - reba umuzenguruko hanyuma usubize ibyiciro bitatu.
Er Ikosa rya Wator wiring - reba insinga hanyuma ukosore.
Wind Imiterere ya stator irahagaze, kandi hariho umuzenguruko mugufi hagati yizunguruka cyangwa ibyiciro - menya aho uhagaze cyangwa umwanya muto wumuzunguruko hanyuma ubisane.
Age Cage rotor ihindagurika - gusimbuza rotor.
⑥ Kubura icyiciro cya fonction ya rot roting - kumenya aho ikosa no kuyisana.
Ubuvanganzo hagati ya stator na rotor - Reba ibyuma na rotor kugirango uhindurwe, usane cyangwa usimbuze.
Guhumeka nabi - reba niba guhumeka bitabujijwe.
Umuvuduko mwinshi cyane cyangwa muto - Reba icyabimuteye.
(3) Ikintu kibi: Kunyeganyega kwa moteri birenze
Impamvu nuburyo bwo gukemura nuburyo bukurikira.
Rot Ruringaniza rotor - kuringaniza.
Pul Impirimbanyi zingana cyangwa kwagura shaft - kugenzura no gukosora.
Moteri ntabwo ihujwe nu mutwaro - kugenzura no guhindura umurongo wigice.
Installation Kwishyiriraho nabi moteri - reba iyinjizwamo na screw shingiro.
Kurenza urugero rutunguranye - gabanya umutwaro.
(4) Ikintu kibi: Ijwi ridasanzwe mugihe cyo gukora
Impamvu nuburyo bwo gukemura nuburyo bukurikira.
Ubuvanganzo hagati ya stator na rotor - Reba ibyuma na rotor kugirango uhindurwe, usane cyangwa usimbuze.
Bear Ibikoresho byangiritse cyangwa bisizwe nabi - gusimbuza no gusukura ibyuma.
Ection Igikorwa cyo gutakaza icyiciro cya moteri - reba aho uruziga rufunguye hanyuma urusane.
Ise Kugongana nicyuma - kugenzura no gukuraho amakosa.
(5) Ikintu kibi: Umuvuduko wa moteri ni muto cyane iyo uri munsi yumutwaro
Impamvu nuburyo bwo gukemura nuburyo bukurikira.
Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ni muto cyane - reba amashanyarazi atangwa.
Load Umutwaro urenze - reba umutwaro.
Age Cage rotor ihindagurika - gusimbuza rotor.
Contact Guhuza nabi cyangwa guhagarikwa kwicyiciro kimwe cyitsinda rya rotor wire - reba igitutu cya brush, guhuza hagati ya brush nimpeta iranyerera, hamwe na rotor.
(6) Ikintu kitari cyo: Ikariso ya moteri ni nzima
Impamvu nuburyo bwo gukemura nuburyo bukurikira.
Ground Kurwanya nabi cyangwa guhangana cyane - Huza insinga zubutaka ukurikije amabwiriza kugirango ukureho amakosa mabi.
Ings Guhinduranya bitose - kuvurwa byumye.
Daming Kwangirika kwangirika, kugongana kw'isasu - Shira irangi kugirango usane insulasiyo, wongere uhuze. 9.2.4 Uburyo bwo gukoresha moteri
① Mbere yo gusenya, koresha umwuka wugarije kugirango uhanagure umukungugu hejuru ya moteri hanyuma uhanagure neza.
. Hitamo aho ukorera kugirango usenye moteri kandi usukure aho uri.
Kumenyera ibiranga imiterere no kubungabunga tekiniki ya moteri yamashanyarazi.
Tegura ibikoresho nkenerwa (harimo ibikoresho byihariye) nibikoresho byo gusenya.
⑤ Kugirango urusheho gusobanukirwa inenge mu mikorere ya moteri, ikizamini cyubugenzuzi gishobora gukorwa mbere yo gusenywa niba ibintu byemewe. Kugirango bigerweho, moteri igeragezwa nu mutwaro, kandi ubushyuhe, amajwi, kunyeganyega, nibindi bintu bya buri gice cya moteri bigenzurwa muburyo burambuye. Umuvuduko, umuvuduko, umuvuduko, nibindi nabyo birageragezwa. Noneho, umutwaro urahagaritswe kandi ikizamini cyihariye cyo kugenzura ntigikorwa cyo gupima ibipimo bitagikoreshwa kandi nta gihombo kirimo, kandi inyandiko zirakorwa. Konti yemewe "Mechanical Engineering Literature", sitasiyo ya injeniyeri!
Gabanya amashanyarazi, ukureho insinga zo hanze ya moteri, kandi ubike inyandiko.
. Hitamo voltage ikwiye megohmmeter kugirango ugerageze kurwanya moteri. Kugirango ugereranye indangagaciro zirwanya izipimwa zapimwe mugihe cyanyuma cyo kubungabunga kugirango hamenyekane icyerekezo cyimihindagurikire yimiterere yimiterere yimiterere ya moteri, indangagaciro zo kurwanya insulasi zapimwe mubushyuhe butandukanye zigomba guhinduka mubushyuhe bumwe, mubisanzwe zihinduka 75 ℃.
⑧ Gerageza igipimo cyo kwinjiza K. Iyo igipimo cyo kwinjiza K> 1.33, byerekana ko insuline ya moteri itigeze igira ingaruka kubushuhe cyangwa urugero rwubushuhe ntibukabije. Kugirango ugereranye namakuru yabanjirije iyi, birakenewe kandi guhindura igipimo cyo kwinjiza cyapimwe ku bushyuhe ubwo aribwo bushyuhe bumwe.
9.2.5 Kubungabunga no gusana moteri yamashanyarazi
Iyo moteri ikora cyangwa idakora neza, hari uburyo bune bwo gukumira no gukuraho amakosa mugihe gikwiye, aribyo kureba, kumva, kunuka, no gukoraho, kugirango moteri ikore neza.
(1) Reba
Reba niba hari ibintu bidasanzwe mugihe imikorere ya moteri, igaragara cyane mubihe bikurikira.
① Iyo stator ihindagurika ni mugufi, umwotsi urashobora kugaragara kuri moteri.
② Iyo moteri iremerewe cyane cyangwa ikarangira icyiciro, umuvuduko uzagenda gahoro kandi hazaba ijwi riremereye "buzzing".
③ Iyo moteri ikora mubisanzwe, ariko igahita ihagarara, ibishashi bishobora kugaragara kumurongo udafunguye; Ikintu cya fuse ihuha cyangwa igice kigumye.
④ Niba moteri yinyeganyeza bikabije, birashobora guterwa no kuvanga ibikoresho byohereza, gutunganya nabi moteri, ibishingwe bidafite ishingiro, nibindi.
⑤ Niba hari ibara, ibimenyetso byaka, hamwe numwotsi wumwotsi kumbere imbere no guhuza moteri, byerekana ko hashobora kubaho ubushyuhe bwaho, kutabonana nabi kumuyoboro uyobora, cyangwa guhinduranya umuriro.
(2) Umva
Moteri igomba gusohora amajwi amwe kandi yoroheje "buzzing" mugihe gikora gisanzwe, nta rusaku cyangwa amajwi yihariye. Niba urusaku rwinshi rusohotse, harimo urusaku rwa electronique, urusaku rw urusaku, urusaku rwo guhumeka, urusaku rwimashini, nibindi, birashobora kuba intangiriro cyangwa ibintu byerekana imikorere mibi.
① Ku rusaku rwa electromagnetic, niba moteri isohora ijwi rirenga kandi riremereye, hashobora kubaho impamvu nyinshi.
a. Ikinyuranyo cyumwuka hagati ya stator na rotor ntikiringaniye, kandi amajwi ahindagurika kuva hejuru kugeza hasi hamwe nigihe kimwe cyigihe hagati yijwi rirerire kandi rito. Ibi biterwa no kwambara, bitera stator na rotor kutibanda.
b. Ibyiciro bitatu byubu ntabwo bingana. Ibi biterwa nubutaka butari bwo, umuzunguruko mugufi, cyangwa guhuza nabi kwicyiciro cya gatatu. Niba amajwi atuje cyane, byerekana ko moteri iremerewe cyane cyangwa ikabura icyiciro.
c. Icyuma kibuze. Kunyeganyega kwa moteri mugihe gikora bitera ibyuma bikosora ibyuma byicyuma bigabanuka, bigatuma urupapuro rwicyuma cya silicon rwicyuma rwicyuma rugabanuka kandi rusohora urusaku.
② Kugira urusaku, bigomba gukurikiranwa kenshi mugihe gikora moteri. Uburyo bwo gukurikirana ni ugukanda impera imwe ya screwdriver ukagera ahantu hashyirwa ibyuma, naho indi mpera yegereye ugutwi kugirango yumve amajwi yikintu yiruka. Niba ibyuma bikora bisanzwe, ijwi ryayo rizaba ijwi rihoraho kandi rito "rustling", nta guhindagurika muburebure cyangwa amajwi yo guteranya ibyuma. Niba amajwi akurikira abaye, bifatwa nkibidasanzwe.
a. Hariho ijwi "risakuza" mugihe ubwikorezi burimo gukora, nijwi ryo guteranya ibyuma, mubisanzwe biterwa no kubura amavuta mubitereko. Imyenda igomba gusenywa ikongerwaho hamwe namavuta akwiye.
b. Niba hari amajwi "yikaraga", nijwi ryakozwe mugihe umupira uzunguruka, mubisanzwe biterwa no kumisha amavuta yo kwisiga cyangwa kubura amavuta. Umubare ukwiye wamavuta urashobora kongerwamo.
c. Niba hari ijwi "gukanda" cyangwa "gukanda", nijwi riterwa no kugenda kudasanzwe kwumupira mumatwara, biterwa no kwangirika kwumupira mubitereko cyangwa gukoresha igihe kirekire moteri , no kumisha amavuta yo gusiga.
③ Niba uburyo bwo kohereza hamwe nuburyo bwashizweho bisohora ubudahwema aho guhindagurika amajwi, birashobora gukemurwa muburyo bukurikira.
a. Ijwi rimwe na rimwe "guturika" riterwa no guhuza umukandara utaringaniye.
b. Ijwi ryigihe "gutitira" riterwa no guhuza cyangwa guhuzagurika hagati yimigozi, kimwe nurufunguzo rwambarwa cyangwa inzira.
c. Ijwi ryo kugongana kutaringaniye biterwa nicyuma cyumuyaga kigongana nigifuniko cyabafana.
(3) Impumuro
Mu kunuka umunuko wa moteri, amakosa arashobora kandi kumenyekana no gukumirwa. Niba habonetse impumuro idasanzwe irangi, byerekana ko ubushyuhe bwimbere bwa moteri buri hejuru cyane; Niba habonetse impumuro ikomeye yatwitse cyangwa yatwitse, birashobora guterwa no gusenyuka kwizuba cyangwa gutwika umuyaga.
(4) Gukoraho
Gukoraho ubushyuhe bwibice bimwe na bimwe bya moteri birashobora kandi kumenya icyateye imikorere mibi. Kugirango umutekano ubeho, inyuma yukuboko bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango ukore ibice bikikije moteri ya moteri hamwe na moteri iyo ukoraho. Niba ubushyuhe budasanzwe bubonetse, hashobora kubaho impamvu nyinshi.
Guhumeka nabi. Nkumufana utandukanya abafana, imiyoboro ihumeka, nibindi.
Kurenza urugero. Gutera umuvuduko ukabije nubushyuhe bwa stator ihindagurika.
Umuzunguruko mugufi hagati ya stator ihindagurika cyangwa ibyiciro bitatu byuburinganire.
Gutangira cyangwa gufata feri kenshi.
⑤ Niba ubushyuhe bukikije ubwinshi buri hejuru, birashobora guterwa no kwangirika cyangwa kubura amavuta.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-06-2023
