Ugereranije na moteri ya radial flux, moteri ya axial flux ifite ibyiza byinshi mugushushanya ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Kurugero, moteri ya axial flux irashobora guhindura igishushanyo cya powertrain yimura moteri kuva kumurongo ugana imbere yibiziga.
1.Imbaraga zimbaraga
Moteri ya Axial fluxbarimo kwitabwaho kwiyongera (kunguka gukurura).Haraheze imyaka myinshi, ubu bwoko bwa moteri bwakoreshejwe mubikorwa bihagaze nka lift na mashini zubuhinzi, ariko mumyaka icumi ishize, abaterankunga benshi bagiye bakora kugirango batezimbere ubwo buhanga kandi babukoreshe kuri moto zikoresha amashanyarazi, ibibuga byindege, amakamyo atwara imizigo, amashanyarazi ibinyabiziga, ndetse n'indege.
Imashini gakondo ya radiyo flux ikoresha magnesi zihoraho cyangwa moteri ya induction, zateye intambwe igaragara mugutezimbere uburemere nigiciro.Ariko, bahura ningorane nyinshi mugukomeza kwiteza imbere.Axial flux, ubwoko butandukanye bwa moteri, birashobora kuba inzira nziza.
Ugereranije na moteri ya radiyo, ubuso bukomeye bwa magnetiki yubuso bwa axial flux ihoraho ya moteri ni ubuso bwa rotor ya moteri, ntabwo diameter yinyuma.Kubwibyo, mubunini runaka bwa moteri, moteri ya axial flux ihoraho ya moteri irashobora gutanga umuriro mwinshi.
Moteri ya Axial fluxBirenzeho;Ugereranije na moteri ya radiyo, uburebure bwa axial ya moteri ni ngufi cyane.Kuri moteri yimbere, ibi nibintu byingenzi.Imiterere ifatika ya moteri ya axial ituma ingufu zingana nubucucike bwumuriro kuruta moteri ya radiyo isa, bityo bikuraho gukenera umuvuduko mwinshi cyane.
Imikorere ya moteri ya axial flux nayo iri hejuru cyane, mubisanzwe irenga 96%.Ibi tubikesha inzira ngufi, imwe ya flux yinzira, iragereranywa cyangwa niyo irenga mubikorwa ugereranije na moteri nziza ya 2D ya radiyo flux ku isoko.
Uburebure bwa moteri ni ngufi, mubisanzwe inshuro 5 kugeza 8, kandi uburemere nabwo bugabanuka inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 5.Ibi bintu byombi byahinduye guhitamo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
2. Ikoranabuhanga rya Axial flux
Hano haribintu bibiri byingenzi kurimoteri ya axial: rotor ebyiri ya stator imwe (rimwe na rimwe yitwa imashini ya torus) hamwe na rotor imwe imwe.
Kugeza ubu, moteri nyinshi zihoraho zikoresha radiyo flux topologiya.Inzira ya magnetiki flux itangirana na rukuruzi ihoraho kuri rotor, ikanyura mu menyo yambere kuri stator, hanyuma igatemba bikabije kuri stator.Noneho unyuze mu menyo ya kabiri kugirango ugere ku cyuma cya kabiri cya magnetiki kuri rotor.Muburyo bubiri bwa rotor axial flux topologiya, flux loop itangirira kuri magnet ya mbere, ikanyura mucyerekezo cyinyo ya stator, igahita igera kuri magneti ya kabiri.
Ibi bivuze ko inzira ya flux ari ngufi cyane ugereranije niyimoteri ya radiyo flux, bikavamo ingano ntoya ya moteri, ubwinshi bwimbaraga nubushobozi kumbaraga zimwe.
Moteri ya radiyo, aho magnetiki flux anyura kumenyo yambere hanyuma agasubira kumenyo akurikira anyuze kuri stator, akagera kuri magneti.Imiyoboro ya rukuruzi ikurikira inzira-ebyiri.
Inzira ya magnetiki flux ya axial magnetic flux imashini nimwe murwego rumwe, kubwibyo rero amashanyarazi ashobora gukoreshwa ibyuma byamashanyarazi.Iki cyuma cyorohereza flux kunyuramo, bityo bikazamura imikorere.
Moteri ya radiyo flux isanzwe ikoresha imirongo yagabanijwe, hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri cyimpera zidakora.Kurenza igiceri bizavamo uburemere bwinyongera, ikiguzi, kurwanya amashanyarazi, hamwe no gutakaza ubushyuhe bwinshi, guhatira abashushanya kunoza igishushanyo mbonera.
Igiceri kirangiramoteri ya axialni bike cyane, kandi ibishushanyo bimwe na bimwe bifashisha hamwe cyangwa bigabanijwe, bifite akamaro rwose.Kumashini ya radiyo igizwe na radiyo, gucikamo inzira ya magnetiki flux muri stator birashobora kuzana igihombo cyinyongera, ariko kuri moteri ya axial flux, ntabwo arikibazo.Igishushanyo mbonera cya coil ni urufunguzo rwo gutandukanya urwego rwabatanga.
3. Iterambere
Moteri ya Axial flux ihura nibibazo bikomeye mubishushanyo mbonera no kuyibyaza umusaruro, nubwo bafite ubuhanga bwikoranabuhanga, ibiciro byabo birarenze kure ibya moteri ya radiyo.Abantu basobanukiwe neza na moteri ya radiyo, kandi uburyo bwo gukora nibikoresho bya mashini nabyo biraboneka byoroshye.
Imwe mu mbogamizi nyamukuru za moteri ya axial flux ni ugukomeza gutandukanya ikirere kimwe hagati ya rotor na stator, kuko imbaraga za rukuruzi nini cyane kuruta izimoteri ya radiyo, bikagorana gukomeza icyuho kimwe cyumwuka.Moteri ya rotor ya axial flux nayo ifite ibibazo byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kuko guhinduranya biherereye muri stator no hagati ya disiki ebyiri za rotor, bigatuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka cyane.
Moteri ya Axial flux nayo iragoye kuyikora kubwimpamvu nyinshi.Imashini ya rotor ebyiri ikoresheje imashini ya rotor ebyiri hamwe na topologiya yingogo (nukuvuga gukuramo ingogo yicyuma kuri stator ariko ikagumana amenyo yicyuma) yatsinze bimwe muribi bibazo bitaguye diameter ya moteri na magneti.
Ariko, gukuraho ingogo bizana ibibazo bishya, nkuburyo bwo gutunganya no gushyira amenyo kugiti cyawe nta guhuza ingogo.Gukonja nabyo ni ikibazo gikomeye.
Biragoye kandi kubyara rotor no gukomeza icyuho cyumwuka, nkuko disiki ya rotor ikurura rotor.Akarusho nuko disiki ya rotor ihujwe biturutse kumpeta ya shaft, imbaraga rero zigahagarika undi.Ibi bivuze ko kwishyiriraho imbere bidashobora guhangana nizo mbaraga, kandi umurimo wacyo ni ugukomeza stator mumwanya wo hagati hagati ya disiki ebyiri za rotor.
Moteri ebyiri za moteri imwe ya rotor ntabwo ihura nibibazo bya moteri izenguruka, ariko igishushanyo cya stator kiragoye cyane kandi kiragoye kugera kuri automatike, kandi ibiciro bijyanye nabyo ni byinshi.Bitandukanye na moteri isanzwe ya radiyo flux, inzira yo gukora moteri ya axial nibikoresho bya mashini byagaragaye vuba aha.
4. Gukoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi
Kwizerwa ningirakamaro mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, no kwerekana ubwizerwe nimbaraga zikomeye zitandukanyemoteri ya axialkumvisha ababikora ko moteri zibereye umusaruro mwinshi byahoze ari ikibazo.Ibi byatumye abatanga moteri ya axial bakora progaramu nini yo kwemeza bonyine, buri mutanga yerekana ko kwizerwa kwabo ntaho gutandukaniye na moteri gakondo ya radiyo flux.
Ikintu cyonyine gishobora gushira muri anmoteri ya axialni i.Uburebure bwa axial magnetique flux ni bugufi, kandi umwanya wibikoresho byegeranye, mubisanzwe wagenewe kuba "hejuru yubunini".Kubwamahirwe, moteri ya axial flux ifite moteri ntoya ya rotor kandi irashobora kwihanganira imitwaro yo munsi ya rotor dinamike.Kubwibyo, imbaraga nyazo zikoreshwa mubitereko ni bito cyane ugereranije na moteri ya radiyo flux.
Imashini ya elegitoronike nimwe mubikorwa byambere bya moteri ya axial.Ubugari bworoheje bushobora gukwirakwiza moteri na garebox muri axle.Mubikorwa bya Hybrid, uburebure bwa axial burebure bwa moteri nayo igabanya uburebure bwuzuye bwa sisitemu yo kohereza.
Intambwe ikurikira nugushiraho moteri ya axial kumuziga.Muri ubu buryo, imbaraga zishobora koherezwa biturutse kuri moteri ikazunguruka, bikazamura imikorere ya moteri.Bitewe no kurandura imiyoboro, itandukaniro, hamwe na drives, ibice bya sisitemu nabyo byagabanutse.
Ariko, birasa nkaho ibishushanyo bisanzwe bitaragaragara.Buri ruganda rukora ibikoresho byumwimerere rurimo gukora ubushakashatsi muburyo bwihariye, kuko ubunini nuburyo butandukanye bwa moteri ya axial irashobora guhindura imiterere yimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.Ugereranije na moteri ya radiyo, moteri ya axial ifite imbaraga zingana cyane, bivuze ko moteri ntoya ishobora gukoreshwa.Ibi bitanga uburyo bushya bwo gushushanya ibinyabiziga, nko gushyira paki ya batiri.
4.1 Armature
Topologiya ya YASA (Yokeless na Segmented Armature) ni urugero rwibintu bibiri bya rotor imwe ya stator topologiya, bigabanya inganda zikomeye kandi bikwiranye n’umusaruro wikora.Izi moteri zifite ingufu zingana na 10 kWt / kg ku muvuduko wa 2000 kugeza 9000 rpm.
Ukoresheje umugenzuzi wabigenewe, irashobora gutanga amashanyarazi ya 200 kVA kuri moteri.Igenzura rifite ubunini bwa litiro 5 kandi ipima ibiro 5.8, harimo gucunga ubushyuhe hamwe no gukonjesha amavuta ya dielectric, bikwiranye na moteri ya axial flux kimwe na induction hamwe na moteri ya radiyo flux.
Ibi bituma ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bikora ibikoresho byumwimerere hamwe nabateza imbere urwego rwa mbere guhitamo byoroshye moteri ikwiye ukurikije porogaramu n'umwanya uhari.Ingano ntoya nuburemere bituma imodoka yoroha kandi ikagira bateri nyinshi, bityo bikongerera imbaraga urwego.
5. Gukoresha moto z'amashanyarazi
Kuri moto z'amashanyarazi na ATV, ibigo bimwe byateje imbere moteri ya AC axial flux.Igishushanyo gikunze gukoreshwa kuri ubu bwoko bwimodoka ni DC brush ishingiye kuri axial flux igishushanyo, mugihe ibicuruzwa bishya ari AC, bishushanyije bidafite shusho.
Coil ya moteri ya DC na AC ikomeza guhagarara, ariko rotor ebyiri ikoresha magnesi zihoraho aho kuzunguruka armature.Ibyiza byubu buryo nuko bidasaba guhinduranya imashini.
Igishushanyo cya AC axial irashobora kandi gukoresha ibyuma bitatu bya moteri ya AC igenzura moteri ya radiyo.Ibi bifasha kugabanya ibiciro, nkuko umugenzuzi agenzura imiyoboro ya torque, ntabwo yihuta.Igenzura risaba inshuro ya 12 kHz cyangwa irenga, aribwo buryo rusange bwibikoresho nkibi.
Umuvuduko mwinshi uturuka kumurongo wo hasi wa 20 µ H. Umuyoboro urashobora kugenzura umuyaga kugirango ugabanye umuvuduko ukabije kandi urebe ibimenyetso bya sinusoidal byoroshye bishoboka.Uhereye ku buryo bugaragara, ubu ni inzira nziza yo kugera kuri moteri yoroshye mu kwemerera impinduka zihuse.
Igishushanyo cyerekana uburyo bubiri bwagabanijwe, bityo magnetiki flux ava muri rotor akajya mubindi rotor binyuze muri stator, hamwe n'inzira ngufi cyane kandi ikora neza.
Urufunguzo rwiki gishushanyo nuko rushobora gukora kuri voltage ntarengwa ya 60 V kandi ntirukwiranye na sisitemu yo hejuru ya voltage.Kubwibyo, irashobora gukoreshwa kuri moto zamashanyarazi na L7e zo mu cyiciro cyimodoka enye nka Renault Twizy.
Umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 60 V utuma moteri yinjizwa mumashanyarazi ya 48 V kandi yoroshya imirimo yo kubungabunga.
Amapikipiki ya L7e y’ibiziga bine mu Mabwiriza y’ibihugu by’i Burayi 2002/24 / EC ateganya ko uburemere bw’ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa mu gutwara ibicuruzwa bitarenza ibiro 600, usibye uburemere bwa bateri.Izi modoka zemerewe gutwara ibiro bitarenze 200 byabagenzi, ntibirenza ibiro 1000 byimizigo, kandi ntibirenza kilowati 15 yingufu za moteri.Uburyo bwagabanijwe bwo gukwirakwiza bushobora gutanga umuriro wa 75-100 Nm, hamwe nimbaraga zisohoka zingana na 20-25 kW hamwe nimbaraga zihoraho za 15 kWt.
Ikibazo cya flux flux kiri muburyo bwo guhinduranya umuringa ukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, biragoye kuko ubushyuhe bugomba kunyura muri rotor.Ikwirakwizwa ryahinduwe ni urufunguzo rwo gukemura iki kibazo, kuko gifite umubare munini wibiti.Muri ubu buryo, hari ubuso bunini hagati yumuringa nigikonoshwa, kandi ubushyuhe bushobora kwimurwa hanze hanyuma bugasohorwa na sisitemu isanzwe yo gukonjesha.
Inkingi nyinshi za magneti nurufunguzo rwo gukoresha imiterere ya sinusoidal, ifasha kugabanya guhuza.Ibyo bihuza bigaragazwa nkubushyuhe bwa magnesi na core, mugihe ibice byumuringa bidashobora gutwara ubushyuhe.Iyo ubushyuhe bwirundanyije muri magnesi hamwe nibyuma bya fer, imikorere iragabanuka, niyo mpamvu guhitamo imiyoboro yumurongo ninzira yubushyuhe ningirakamaro mumikorere ya moteri.
Igishushanyo cya moteri cyashyizwe ahagaragara kugirango kigabanye ibiciro kandi kigere ku musaruro wikora.Impeta yimyubakire idakenewe ntabwo isaba gutunganya imashini kandi irashobora kugabanya ibiciro.Igiceri kirashobora gukomeretsa mu buryo butaziguye kandi inzira yo guhuza ikoreshwa mugihe cyo guhinduranya kugirango igumane neza.
Ingingo y'ingenzi ni uko igiceri gikozwe mu nsinga zisanzwe ziboneka mu bucuruzi, mu gihe intoki z'icyuma zomekwa ku cyuma gisanzwe cyahagaritswe icyuma gihindura imashini, gikeneye gusa gucibwa mu buryo.Ibindi bishushanyo mbonera bisaba gukoresha ibikoresho bya magnetiki byoroshye muri lamination yibanze, bishobora kuba bihenze cyane.
Gukoresha imirongo yagabanijwe bivuze ko ibyuma bya rukuruzi bidakenera gutandukanywa;Birashobora kuba imiterere yoroshye kandi yoroshye kuyikora.Kugabanya ingano yicyuma cya magnetiki no kwemeza ko byoroshye gukora bigira ingaruka zikomeye mukugabanya ibiciro.
Igishushanyo cyiyi moteri ya axial flux irashobora kandi gutegurwa ukurikije ibyo umukiriya asabwa.Abakiriya bafite verisiyo yihariye yatunganijwe hafi yubushakashatsi bwibanze.Noneho ikorerwa kumurongo wo kugerageza kugirango igenzurwe hakiri kare, ishobora kwigana mu zindi nganda.
Customisation ahanini iterwa nuko imikorere yikinyabiziga idashingiye gusa ku gishushanyo cya moteri ya magnetiki flux ya axial, ahubwo biterwa nubwiza bwimiterere yikinyabiziga, ipaki ya batiri, na BMS.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-28-2023