Imiterere nigishushanyo cyikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi gitandukanye nicy'imodoka gakondo yo gutwika moteri.Nuburyo bukomeye bwa sisitemu yubuhanga.Irakeneye guhuza tekinoroji ya batiri yingufu, tekinoroji ya moteri, tekinoroji yimodoka hamwe nuburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura kugirango igere kubikorwa byiza.Muri gahunda y’iterambere ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ry’imodoka, igihugu gikomeje gukurikiza imiterere ya R&D ya "bitatu bihagaritse na bitatu bitambitse", inashimangira ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze rya "bitatu bitambitse" hakurikijwe ingamba zo guhindura ikoranabuhanga rya "amashanyarazi meza", ni ukuvuga ubushakashatsi kuri moteri ya moteri na sisitemu yo kugenzura, bateri yumuriro na sisitemu yo kuyobora, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura powertrain.Buri ruganda rukora rugena ingamba zarwo zo guteza imbere ubucuruzi ukurikije ingamba ziterambere ryigihugu.
Umwanditsi atondekanya tekinoroji yingenzi mubikorwa byiterambere ryingufu nshya zingufu, atanga ishingiro ryamahame hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera, kugerageza, no gutanga ingufu za powertrain.Gahunda igabanyijemo ibice bitatu byo gusesengura tekinoroji yingenzi yo gutwara amashanyarazi muri powertrain yimodoka nziza.Uyu munsi, tuzabanza kumenyekanisha ihame no gutondekanya tekinoroji yo gutwara amashanyarazi.
Igishushanyo 1 Ihuza ryingenzi mugutezimbere imbaraga
Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji yingenzi yibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bifite ingufu zirimo ibyiciro bine bikurikira:
Igishushanyo 2 Ibyingenzi Byibanze Byikoranabuhanga bya Powertrain
Igisobanuro cya Sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga
Ukurikije uko bateri yumuriro wibinyabiziga bisabwa hamwe nibisabwa ingufu zimodoka, ihindura ingufu zamashanyarazi zikoreshwa mububiko bwogukoresha ingufu mububiko bwamashanyarazi mububasha bwa mashini, kandi ingufu zihererekanwa mumuzinga utwara binyuze mumashanyarazi, nibice yingufu zimodoka zihindurwamo ingufu zamashanyarazi hanyuma zigasubizwa mubikoresho bibika ingufu mugihe ikinyabiziga cya feri.Sisitemu yo gutwara amashanyarazi ikubiyemo moteri, uburyo bwo kohereza, umugenzuzi wa moteri nibindi bice.Igishushanyo mbonera cya tekiniki ya sisitemu yo gutwara ingufu z'amashanyarazi ahanini ikubiyemo ingufu, torque, umuvuduko, voltage, igipimo cyo kohereza kugabanuka, ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, ingufu zisohoka, voltage, amashanyarazi, nibindi, nibindi.
1) Umugenzuzi wa moteri
Yitwa kandi inverter, ihindura ibyinjijwe bitaziguye na paki ya batiri yamashanyarazi ihinduranya amashanyarazi.Ibice nyamukuru:
◎ IGBT: amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike, ihame: ukoresheje umugenzuzi, igenzura ukuboko kwikiraro cya IGBT kugirango ufunge umurongo runaka hamwe nuburyo bukurikirana kugirango ubyare ibyiciro bitatu bisimburana.Mugucunga ingufu za elegitoronike kugirango zifunge, imbaraga za voltage zirashobora guhinduka.Noneho voltage ya AC ikorwa mugucunga inshingano.
Cap Ubushobozi bwa firime: imikorere yo kuyungurura;sensor ya none: gutahura ibyerekezo byibyiciro bitatu.
2) Kugenzura no gutwara ibizunguruka: ikibaho cyo kugenzura mudasobwa, gutwara IGBT
Uruhare rwumugenzuzi wa moteri nuguhindura DC kuri AC, kwakira buri kimenyetso, no gusohora imbaraga hamwe na torque.Ibice byingenzi: amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike, capacitori ya firime, sensor ya none, kugenzura ibizunguruka kugirango ufungure ibintu bitandukanye, ushireho amashanyarazi mubyerekezo bitandukanye, kandi ubyare ingufu za voltage.Kubwibyo, turashobora kugabanya sinusoidal ihinduranya amashanyarazi murukiramende.Ubuso bwurukiramende buhindurwamo voltage ifite uburebure bumwe.X.Muri ubu buryo, imbaraga za DC zirashobora kugenzurwa kugirango zifunge ukuboko kwikiraro cya IGBT kumurongo runaka hanyuma uhindurwe unyuze mugenzuzi kugirango ubyare ingufu z'ibyiciro bitatu.
Kugeza ubu, ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize umuzunguruko wa disiki bishingiye kubitumizwa mu mahanga: capacator, imiyoboro ya IGBT / MOSFET, DSP, ibyuma bya elegitoronike hamwe n’umuzunguruko uhuriweho, bishobora gukorwa mu bwigenge ariko bifite ubushobozi buke: imiyoboro idasanzwe, sensor, umuhuza, bishobora kuba byigenga byakozwe: ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, diode, inductors, imbaho zumuzunguruko nyinshi, insinga zegeranye, imirasire.
3) Moteri: hindura ibyiciro bitatu bisimburana mumashini
. Imiterere: igifuniko cyimbere ninyuma, ibishishwa, ibishishwa hamwe
Circ Magnetic umuzenguruko: stator yibanze, rotor yibanze
Umuzunguruko: stator ihindagurika, umuyobozi wa rotor
4) Kohereza ibikoresho
Imashini ya gare cyangwa kugabanya ihindura umuvuduko wumuriro wa moteri mumuvuduko na torque isabwa nikinyabiziga cyose.
Ubwoko bwa moteri yo gutwara
Moteri yo gutwara igabanijwemo ibyiciro bine bikurikira.Kugeza ubu, moteri ya AC induction hamwe na moteri ihoraho ya magnetique ni ubwoko bukunze kugaragara mumashanyarazi mashya.Turibanda rero kuri tekinoroji ya moteri ya AC induction na moteri ihoraho ya magnetiki.
| DC Moteri | Moteri yo Kwinjiza AC | Imashini ihoraho ya moteri | Moteri yo Kwanga | |
| Ibyiza | Igiciro cyo hasi, Ibisabwa bike bya sisitemu yo kugenzura | Igiciro gito, Gukwirakwiza ingufu nini, Gutezimbere tekinoroji yo kugenzura, Kwizerwa cyane | Ubucucike Bwinshi, Ubushobozi buhanitse, ubunini buto | Imiterere yoroshye, ibisabwa bike bya sisitemu yo kugenzura |
| Ingaruka | Ibisabwa cyane byo kubungabunga, Umuvuduko muke, Umuvuduko muke, igihe gito | Agace gato gakora nezaGabanya imbaraga zingana | Igiciro kinini Kurwanya ibidukikije nabi | Ihindagurika rinini rya torque Urusaku rukomeye |
| Gusaba | Ikinyabiziga gito cyangwa gito gito | Imodoka yubucuruzi bwamashanyarazi nimodoka zitwara abagenzi | Imodoka yubucuruzi bwamashanyarazi nimodoka zitwara abagenzi | Imvange-imbaraga Ikinyabiziga |
1) Moteri ya AC Kwinjiza moteri
Ihame ryakazi rya moteri ya AC inductive asinchronous moteri ni uko guhinduranya bizanyura mumwanya wa stator na rotor: bishyizwe hamwe nimpapuro zoroshye kandi zifite imbaraga za rukuruzi.Amashanyarazi y'ibyiciro bitatu azanyura mumuzinga.Dukurikije itegeko rya induction ya electromagnetic ya Faraday, hazakorwa umurima wa magneti uzunguruka, niyo mpamvu ituma rotor izunguruka.Ibiceri bitatu bya stator bihujwe intera ya dogere 120, kandi umuyoboro utwara ibintu bitanga imirima ya rukuruzi.Iyo amashanyarazi atatu yibyiciro akoreshwa kuriyi gahunda idasanzwe, imirima ya magneti izahinduka mubyerekezo bitandukanye hamwe nimpinduka zoguhinduranya mugihe runaka, bikabyara umurima wa rukuruzi hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye zizunguruka.Umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka wumurima wa magnetiki witwa umuvuduko wa synchron.Dufate ko umuyoboro ufunze ushyizwe imbere, ukurikije amategeko ya Faraday, kubera ko umurima wa rukuruzi uhinduka, Umuzenguruko uzumva imbaraga za electromotive, zizatanga amashanyarazi muri loop.Ibihe bimeze nkibisanzwe bitwara umuzenguruko mu murima wa magneti, bikabyara ingufu za electroniki ya magnetiki kuri loop, hanyuma Huan Jiang atangira kuzunguruka.Ukoresheje ikintu gisa nigituba cyigituba, ibyiciro bitatu bisimburana bizatanga umusaruro wa magneti uzunguruka unyuze kuri stator, kandi umuyaga uzinjizwa mumurongo wigituba cyagabanijwe nimpeta yanyuma, nuko rotor itangira kuzunguruka, aribyo kuki moteri yitwa moteri ya induction.Hifashishijwe induction ya electromagnetic aho guhuzwa na rotor kugirango itere amashanyarazi, insuline yibyuma byuzuzwa muri rotor, kuburyo icyuma gitoya cyemeza igihombo gito cya eddy.
2) moteri ya AC
Rotor ya moteri isanisha itandukanye niy'imoteri idahwitse.Imashini ihoraho yashyizwe kuri rotor, ishobora kugabanywa muburyo bwimiterere yubwoko bwashizwemo.Rotor ikozwe mu rupapuro rwa silicon, kandi rukuruzi ihoraho.Stator nayo ihujwe numuyoboro uhinduranya hamwe nicyiciro gitandukanya icyiciro cya 120, igenzura ingano nicyiciro cyumuyaga wa sine uhinduranya umuyaga, kuburyo umurima wa rukuruzi wakozwe na stator utandukanye nuwakozwe na rotor, hamwe na magneti umurima urazunguruka.Muri ubu buryo, stator ikururwa na rukuruzi kandi ikazunguruka na rotor.Ukuzenguruka nyuma yizunguruka bikorwa na stator hamwe na rotor.
Umwanzuro: Ikinyabiziga kigendesha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi cyahindutse inzira nyamukuru, ariko ntabwo ari kimwe ahubwo kiratandukanye.Buri sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga ifite indangagaciro zayo zuzuye.Buri sisitemu ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi asanzwe.Byinshi muribi ni moteri idahwitse hamwe na moteri ihoraho ya moteri, mugihe bamwe bagerageza guhindura moteri yanga.Birakwiye ko twerekana ko moteri ya moteri ihuza ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki, tekinoroji ya elegitoroniki, ikoranabuhanga rya digitale, tekinoroji yo kugenzura byikora, siyanse yubumenyi n’ibindi bice kugira ngo bigaragaze ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryuzuye hamwe n’iterambere ry’imyuga myinshi.Numunywanyi ukomeye muri moteri yimashanyarazi.Kugirango ufate umwanya mubinyabiziga bizaza amashanyarazi, ubwoko bwose bwa moteri ntibukeneye gusa kunoza imiterere ya moteri, ahubwo bugomba no guhora dushakisha ibintu byubwenge na digitale ya sisitemu yo kugenzura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-30-2023
